Digitalisation is changing the payment market and consumer behaviour in many countries. This raises the question of whether it would be expedient to introduce an additional form of money that would meet the requirements of the digital age: a central bank digital currency.
During a crisis, real-time data is particularly important: the economic situation requires prompt governmental and regulatory decisions. Industry-specific financial flow monitoring developed by the Bank of Russia allows analysis of business activity on a daily basis.
The EU carbon tax on imports that is to be imposed in 2022 may affect almost 42% of Russian exports. The private sector and the state should take active measures to maintain economic competitiveness in the world of growing climate risks.
In Russia, returns to schooling are almost 50% lower than the global average: each additional year of schooling provides a relatively small increase in wages, which declines over time, World Bank experts have found.
The evolution of cross-border financial services has created new relations that are not regulated by any supranational body. This gives rise to the problem of regulatory arbitrage, which does not yet have a common solution.
Crises are a chance for countries to reassess their economic policies, proving that what used to be unquestionable is often a myth, says Esther Duflo, an MIT Professor and Nobel Prize winner.
Changing attitudes, aptitudes to reassess conventional ideas, and greater intellectual tolerance predetermined the Industrial Revolution and later, Europe turning into the world’s major economic centre, argues economist Joel Mokyr.
Modern surveys help economists get into people’s minds: it turns out that people’s perceptions of the economy are not in line with reality, which in the end, can undermine economic policy, argues Stefanie Stantcheva, professor at Harvard.
Bocconi University professor Eliana La Ferrara talks about how people's trust in each other is changing, how it can be strengthened through TV shows and why people often ignore the facts.